CHAPTER VII.
FORTIFICATIONS
ARTICLE 177.
In the zone of the Straits and islands referred to in Article 178 the fortifications will be disarmed and demolished as provided in that Article.
Outside this zone, and subject to the provisions of Article 89, the existing fortified works may be preserved in their present condition, but will be disarmed within the same period of three months.
CHAPTER VIII.
MAINTENANCE OF THE FREEDOM OF THE STRAITS
ARTICLE 178.
For the purpose of guaranteeing the freedom of the Straits, the High Contracting Parties agree to the following provisions:
(I) Within three months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, all works, fortifications and batteries within the zone defined in Article 179 and comprising the coast and islands of the Sea of Marmora and the coast of the Straits, also those in the Islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos and Mitylene, shall be disarmed and demolished.
The reconstruction of these works and the construction of similar works are forbidden in the above zone and islands. France, Great Britain and Italy shall have the right to prepare for demolition any existing roads and railways in the said zone and in the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, and Tenedos which allow of the rapid transport of mobile batteries, the construction there of such roads and railways remaining forbidden.
In the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace and Tenedos the construction of new roads or railways must not be undertaken except with the authority of the three Powers mentioned above.
(2) The measures prescribed in the first paragraph of (I) shall be executed by and at the expense of Greece and Turkey as regards their respective territories, and under control as provided in Article 203.
(3) The territories of the zone and the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos, and Mitylene shall not be used for military purposes, except by the three Allied Powers referred to above, acting in concert. This provision does not exclude the employment in the said zone and islands of forces of Greek and Turkish gendarmerie, who will be under the Inter-Allied command of the forces of occupation, in accordance with the provisions of Article 161, nor the maintenance of a garrison of Greek troops in the island of Mitylene, nor the presence of the Sultan's bodyguard referred to in Article 152.
(4) The said Powers, acting in concert, shall have the right to maintain in the said territories and islands such military and air forces as they may consider necessary to prevent any action being taken or prepared which might directly or indirectly prejudice the freedom of the Straits.
This supervision will be carried out in naval matters by a guard-ship belonging to each of the said Allied Powers.
The forces of occupation referred to above may, in case of necessity, exercise on land the right of requisition, subject to the same conditions as those laid down in the Regulations annexed to the Fourth Hague Convention, 1907, or any other Convention replacing it to which all the said Powers are parties. Requisitions shall, however, only be made against payment on the spot.
ARTICLE 179.
The zone referred to in Article 178 is defined as follows:
(I) In Europe:
From Karachali on the Gulf of Xeros north-eastwards,
a line reaching and then following the southern boundary of the basin of the Beylik Dere to the crest of the Kuru Dagh;
then following that crest line,
then a straight line passing north of Emerli, and south of Derelar,
then curving north-north-eastwards and cutting the road from Rodosto to Malgara 3 kilometres west of Ainarjik and then passing 6 kilometres south-east of Ortaja Keui,
then curving north-eastwards and cutting the road from Rodosto to Hairobolu 18 kilometres northwest of Rodosto,
then to a point on the road from Muradli to Rodosto about kilometre south of Muradli,
a straight line;
thence east-north-eastwards to Yeni Keui,
a straight line, modified, however, so as to pass at a minimum distance of 2 kilometres north of the railway from Chorlu to Chatalja;
thence north-north-eastwards to a point west of Istranja,
situated on the frontier of Turkey in Europe as defined in Article 27, 1 (2),
a straight line leaving the village of Yeni Keui within the zone; thence to the Black Sea,
the frontier of Turkey in Europe as defined in Article 27, 1 (2).
(2) In Asia:
From a point to be determined by the Principal Allied Powers between Cape Dahlina and Kemer Iskele on the gulf of Adramid east-north-eastwards,
a line passing south of Kemer Iskele and Kemer together with the road joining these places;
then to a point immediately south of the point where the Decauville railway from Osmanlar to Urchanlar crosses the Diermen Dere,
a straight line;
thence north-eastwards to Manias Geul,
a line following the right bank of the Diermen Dere, and Kara Dere Suyu;
thence eastwards, the southern shore of Manias Geul;
then to the point where it is crossed by the railway from Panderma to Susighirli, the course of the Kara Dere upstream;
thence eastwards to a point on the Adranos Chai about kilometres from its mouth near Kara Oghlan,
a straight line;
thence eastwards, the course of this river downstream then the southern shore of Abulliont Geul;
then to the point where the railway from Mudania to Brusa crosses the Ulfer Chai, about 5 kilometres northwest of Brusa,
a straight line;
thence north-eastwards to the confluence of the rivers about 6 kilometres north of Brusa,
the course of the Ulfer Chai downstream;
thence eastwards to the southernmost point of Iznik Geul,
a straight line;
thence to a point 2 kilometres north of Iznik,
the southern and eastern shores of this lake;
thence north-eastwards to the westernmost point of Sbanaja Geul,
a line following the crest line Chirchir Chesme, Sira Dagh,
Elmali Dagh, Kalpak Dagh, Ayu Tepe, Hekim Tepe; thence northwards to a point on the road from Ismid to Armasha, 8 kilometres southwest of Armasha,
a line following as far as possible the eastern boundary of the basin of the Chojali Dere;
thence to a point on the Black Sea, 2 kilometres east of the mouth of the Akabad R,
a straight line.
ARTICLE 180.
A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot the boundaries of the zone referred to in Article 178, except in so far as these boundaries coincide with the frontier line described in Article 27,1(2). This Commission shall be composed of three members nominated by the military authorities of France, Great Britain and Italy respectively, with, for the portion of the zone placed under Greek sovereignty, one member nominated by the Greek Government, and, for the portion of the zone remaining under Turkish sovereignty, one member nominated by the Turkish Government. The decisions of the Commission, which will be taken by a majority, shall be binding on the parties concerned. The expenses of this Commission will be included in the expenses of the occupation of the said zone.
SECTION II.
NAVAL CLAUSES.
ARTICLE 181.
From the coming into force of the present Treaty all warships interned in Turkish ports in accordance with the Armistice of October 30, 1918, are declared to be finally surrendered to the Principal Allied Powers.
Turkey will, however, retain the right to maintain along her coasts for police and fishery duties a number of vessels which shall not exceed:
7 sloops,
6 torpedo boats.
These vessels will constitute the Turkish Marine, and will be chosen by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 201 from amongst the following vessels:
SLOOPS
Aidan Reis. Hizir Reis. Burock Reis. Kemal Reis. Sakis. Issa Reis. Prevesah.
TORPEDO-BOATS
Sisri Hissar. Moussoul. Sultan Hissor. Ack Hissar. Drach. Younnous.
The authority established for the control of customs will be entitled to appeal to the three Allied Powers referred to in Article 178 in order to obtain a more considerable force, if such an increase is considered indispensable for the satisfactory working of the services concerned.
Sloops may carry a light armament of two guns inferior to 77 m /m. and two machine guns. Torpedo-boats (or patrol launches) may carry a light armament of one gun inferior to 77 m/m. All the torpedoes and torpedo-tubes on board will be removed.
ARTICLE 182.
Turkey is forbidden to construct or acquire any warships other than those intended to replace the units referred to in Article 181. Torpedo-boats shall be replaced by patrol launches.
The vessels intended for replacement purposes shall not exceed: 600 tons in the case of sloops;
100 tons in the case of patrol launches.
Except where a ship has been lost, sloops and torpedo-boats shall only be replaced after a period of twenty years, counting from the launching of the ship.
ARTICLE 183.
The Turkish armed transports and fleet auxiliaries enumerated below shall be disarmed and treated as merchant ships:
Rechid Pasha (late Port Antonio).
Tir-i-Mujghion (late Pembroke Castle).
Kiresund (late Warwick Castle).
Millet (late Seagull).
Akdeniz.
Bosphorus ferry-boats Nos. 60, 61, 63 and 70.
ARTICLE 184.
All warships, including submarines, now under construction in Turkey shall be broken up, with the exception of such surface vessels as can be completed for commercial purposes.
The work of breaking up these vessels shall be commenced on the coming into force of the present Treaty.
ARTICLE 185.
Articles, machinery and material arising from the breaking up of Turkish warships of all kinds, whether surface vessels or submarines, may not be used except for purely industrial or commercial purposes. They may not be sold or disposed of to foreign countries.
ARTICLE 186.
The construction or acquisition of any submarine, even for commercial purposes, shall be forbidden in Turkey.
ARTICLE 187.
The vessels of the Turkish Marine enumerated in Article 181 must have on board or in reserve only the allowance of war material and armaments fixed by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 201. Within a month from the time when the above quantities are fixed all armaments munitions or other naval war material including mines and torpedoes, belonging to Turkey at the time of the signing of the Armistice of October 30, 1918, must be definitely surrendered to the Principal Allied Powers.
The manufacture of these articles in Turkish territory for, and their export to, foreign countries shall be forbidden.
All other stocks, depots or reserves of arms, munitions or naval war material of all kinds are forbidden.
ARTICLE 188.
The Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control will fix the number of officers and men of all grades and corps to be admitted in accordance with the provisions of Article 189, into the Turkish Marine. This number will include the personnel for manning the ships left to Turkey in accordance with Article 181, and the administrative personnel of the police and fisheries protection services and of the semaphore stations.
Within two months from the time when the above number is fixed, the personnel of the former Turkish Navy in excess of this number shall be demobilised.
No naval or military corps or reserve force in connection with the Turkish Marine may be organised in Turkey without being included in the above strength.
ARTICLE 189.
The personnel of the Turkish Marine shall be recruited entirely by voluntary engagements entered into for a minimum period of twenty-five consecutive years for officers, and twelve consecutive years for petty officers and men.
The number engaged to replace those discharged for any reason other than the expiration of their term of service must not exceed five per cent. per annum of the total personnel fixed by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control.
The personnel discharged from the former Turkish Navy must not receive any kind of naval or military training.
Officers belonging to the former Turkish Navy and not demobilised must undertake to serve till the age of forty-five, unless discharged for sufficient reason.
Officers and men belonging to the Turkish mercantile marine must not receive any kind of naval or military training.
ARTICLE 190.
On the coming into force of the present Treaty all the wireless stations in the zone referred to in Article 178 shall be handed over to the Principal Allied Powers. Greece and Turkey shall not construct any wireless stations in the said zone.
Source: CMD964, Treaty Series No. 11 (1920). Treaty of Peace with Turkey Signed at Sèvres, August 10, 1920, His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1920.
